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A-Z to Healthy Living
Nutrition Dictionary
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Caffeine
Caffeine is a naturally occurring chemical found in plants. Common sources are coffee beans, tea leaves, guarana berries and smaller amounts are found in cocoa beans.Caffeine acts as a stimulant to the nervous system in the body, increasing mental alertness.
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Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are short or long chains of sugars that play an important role in the diet and are used to supply the body with energy. Sugar, starch and cellulose are types of carbohydrates. Bread, cereals, rice, pasta, legumes, fruit and certain vegetables are all good sources of carbohydrates.
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Calories
Calories are a unit of energy. The amount of energy available in food is expressed in calories. What you read on food labels are kilo calories which is equivalent to calories in 1 serving or 100 grams of that food product. Nutrients in food such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats provide calories; Fat provides the most calories per gram (9 calories/gram) as compared to carbohydrates and proteins (4 calories/gram).
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Codex Alimentarius
Codex Alimentarius, meaning “Food law or code”, is a set of internationally adopted food standards, guidelines, codes of practice, food labelling texts and other recommendations relating to food, its production and safety. These were established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission within the framework of FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) of the United Nations and WHO (World Health Organization) with the purpose of ensuring fair practice in the food trade and protecting the health of consumers.
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Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a fat-like substance that has important functions in the body including an integral part of the structure of cells and being used by certain glands for making sex hormones. There are two types of cholesterol in the blood: HDL (high density lipoprotein) or ‘good’ cholesterol and LDL (low density lipoprotein) or ‘bad’ cholesterol. High levels of LDL in the blood can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Calcium
Calcium is a mineral that is an important component of our bones. Dairy foods such as yogurt, milk and cheese are rich sources of calcium, and it is also found in canned salmon and sardines with bones, some nuts, seeds and fortified foods such as breakfast cereals.
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Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular disease is a name given to a group of diseases that affect the heart and/or blood vessels and includes stroke, heart attack, angina and high blood pressure.
